It's a little helper ingredient that helps to set the pH of the products to be right. It has an alkaline pH and can neutralize acidic ingredients.
https://incidecoder.com/ingredients/tromethamine
【Tromethamine】
Rating: AVERAGE
Categories: pH Adjuster/Stabilizer
Tromethamine is a triol, a type of alcohol that contains three hydroxyl groups which consist of bonded hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It serves as a pH adjusting ingredient in skin care formulations.
When used in cosmetic formulas it assists in neutralizing more acidic substances due to its alkaline pH. Although skin is naturally acidic, with a pH ranging between 4 and 5, altering skin’s natural delicate pH balance can cause irritation. The balance that tromethamine brings to a formula’s pH can help prevent this.
As a raw material tromethamine appears as a white crystalline powder. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that it’s safe for use in current cosmetic preparations. It’s commonly used in concentrations between 0.00009–3.7%.
Outside of cosmetics, tromethamine is used in medical applications to reduce acidity.
https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient-tromethamine.html
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