界面活性剂、可溶化剂，化妆水类产品加入后会较为滑顺，甚至有相当的起泡性[1]。
于化妆水中含量多在 1% 以下，一般健康的皮肤对此浓度通常不会感到刺激，但当皮肤受伤、发炎、起疹、角质偏薄时，部份可溶化剂就可能会造成刺痛、发痒现象[1]。
Why is it not safe?
604.822g/mol
C64H124O26
1310 g/mol
Polysorbate 80 is derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid.
The hydrophilic groups in this compound are polyethers also known as polyoxyethylene groups, which are polymers of ethylene oxide.
In the nomenclature of polysorbates, the numeric designation following polysorbate refers to the lipophilic group, in this case, the oleic acid.
聚山梨酯80衍生自聚乙氧基化的脱水山梨糖醇和油酸。
该化合物中的亲水基团是聚醚，也称为聚氧乙烯基，是环氧乙烷的聚合物。
在聚山梨酸酯的命名中，聚山梨酸酯后面的数字标记是指亲脂基团，在这种情况下，是油酸
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysorbate_80
"The safety of polysorbate 80 has been assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. The Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that polysorbate 80 was safe as cosmetic ingredients.
Despite the approval of polysorbate 80 by the CIR Expert Panel, there are concerns about the presence of ethylene oxide in this ingredient. This is because the process of ethoxylation may lead to contamination with 1,4-dioxane, a potentially dangerous by-product. In fact, 1,4-dioxane is a known animal carcinogen that penetrates readily into the skin. This ingredient has also been linked with skin allergies.
The Organic Consumers Organization released a fact sheet on 1,4-dioxane based on information from the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics. The fact sheet outlines facts versus myths regarding 1,4-dioxane in personal care products. One concerning fact is that the levels of 1,4-dioxane found in many personal care products are 1,000 times higher than those found to cause cancer in animal studies. They add that according to the FDA, “Skin absorption studies demonstrated that dioxane readily penetrates animal and human skin from various types of vehicles.”
https://thedermreview.com/polysorbate-80/